下文。

that是远指代词,可以用来指代上文提到的内容而what是疑问副词,常用于主语从句中,例如:

What is important is to find pleasure in life.它与that的用法完全不同.

that一般用于承上,this一般用于启下。

如:This is my plan: first.... (启下)

--My cat was dead yesterday. --I'm sorry to hear that. (承上)