结构是:How +形容词+ a / an +单数的可数名词 +主谓。如:

How good a boy it is

How +形容词或副词 也可以加(主语+谓语)

如:How beautiful the bird is!

而what+a/an+形同词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语

如:what a tall building it is!

what+形容词+复数名词或不可数名词+主语+谓语

what clever students they are!

特殊的就是:表天气的不可数名词,前面加形容词修饰时要加定冠词,如:what a heavy rain